Mechanisms of arsenite elimination by Thiomonas sp. isolated from Carnoulès acid mine drainage

Weathering of the arsenopyrite-rich tailings of the Carnoulès abandoned mining site (Gard, France) results in the formation of acid mine waters heavily loaded with arsenic. Dissolved arsenic present in the seepage waters is precipitated within a few meters from the bottom of the tailing dam by microorganisms. From these effluents, we have isolated and characterized a Gram negative bacterium involved in this bioremediation process. This bacterium, which belongs to the Thiomonas genus, is very efficient in removing arsenite from contaminated acidic waters by oxidizing it to arsenate, which precipitates.     

毕节小檗的两种同工酶分析

为探讨毕节小檗(Berberis guizhouensis)2个居群的遗传变异性和相似性,用聚丙酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳技术对毕节小檗2个居群的细胞色素氧化酶(COD)同工酶和过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶进行研究。结果表明,毕节小檗2个居群20株植株POD同工酶酶带数为8条,其中有4条共同酶带(POD-3、POD-5、POD-7、POD-8);COD同工酶酶带数为7条,其中也有4条共同酶带(COD-3、COD-5、COD-6、COD-7)。不同居群的同工酶酶谱存在差异,同一居群的不同同工酶酶谱也存在差异;韭菜坪居群的分化程度大于艾家坪居群。     

榛属植物多酚提取方法的研究

植物多酚具有极强的抗氧化、抑菌、抗炎、防辐射、降血压等生理活性.为有效开发利用东北野生榛属资源,以东北野生平榛、毛榛为试验材料,以榛叶为提取对象,采用溶剂萃取法超声波辅助处理的提取方法,对2种榛属多酚进行提取分离,以确定榛属多酚提取分离最优方法.通过单因素试验及正交试验获得的最佳提取条件为:80％乙醇作为提取剂,料液比为1∶14 g/ml,75℃,浸提3h,浸提2次,超声波辅助40 min.在此条件下榛叶总多酚得率为2.565 6％.取材上,平榛与毛榛间差异不显著,但取材时间上差异显著,8月取材总多酚得率最高.     

茶多酚解酒作用的实验研究

本研究以乙醇致醉的酒醉小鼠为研究对象，观察了小鼠酒醉时的兴奋性、共济失调能力以及其乙醇半数致死量(LD50)；并以食用茶多酚后30min再以酒精灌胃的各项指标进行比较。结果显示：茶多酚能够有效抑制小鼠的兴奋性，降低其共济失调能力，提高其乙醇半数致死量。这表明茶多酚对实验性小鼠有显的解酒作用。     

Calcium and magnesium interactions in browning of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples with bitter pit

The role of Ca and Mg in the enzymatic browning of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples was explored. Enzymatic browning due to polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was stimulated with the addition of 0.8–10 mM MgCl₂ to the reaction mixture, whereas 0.8–10 mM CaCl₂ had little effect or decreased the rate of enzymatic browning. Within a week after vacuum infiltration with MgCl₂, treated fruits exhibited browning symptoms that were similar to bitter pit. Six months after vacuum infiltration, when analyzed for enzyme activity, MgCl₂-treated fruits exhibited higher rates of PPO activity, whereas CaCl₂-treated fruits had lower activity than the MgCl₂-treated fruits and the controls. A hypothesis is advanced that the initial visible symptoms of bitter pit, i.e. the localized browning, is caused by PPO, its activity being stimulated by the localized Mg/Ca imbalance present in the tissue. The results indicate that Ca is predominant in the prevention of this disorder, whereas a deficiency of Ca is involved in its induction.     

桑属几个种及品种细胞色素氧化酶同工酶的研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,对四川桑属植物的6个种、两个品种及两个引进种的细胞色素氧化酶同工酶进行了研究。结果:(1)桑属内有共同的特征酶带;(2)桑属内各种、品种间的酶谱有显著差异,每个种都有不同的特征酶谱;(3)用组平均聚类法研究同工酶分类,在桑属植物分类上有一定的适用价值;(4)上述研究结果与过氧化物酶同工酶的排序法分类比较,除华桑有差异外,其它桑种、品种均表现规律性的一致倾向,为桑属植物分类提供了新的依据。     

三苯基锡对紫萍生长及酶活性的毒性作用

研究不同浓度的三苯基锡对紫萍根叶生长、多酚氧化酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结论表明:培养4d后,三苯基锡处理对紫萍叶片生长量的IC50为0.71mg/L。但是在培养液具备同等条件之下,随着三苯基锡逐渐升高的处理浓度,CAT与PPO就会出现先升高后下降的一种状态。     

石榴果实酚类物质测定体系优化与不同部位组分及含量测定

以"泰山红"石榴为试材,利用高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)测定成熟期石榴果实中果皮、籽粒和果汁中酚类物质的组分及含量。色谱条件:色谱柱为Kromasil色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-1%乙酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱。流速为1.1 ml/min,柱温30℃,检测波长280 nm。结果表明:在石榴皮和石榴籽中检测到13种酚类成分,包括没食子酸、绿原酸、对羟基苯甲酸、表儿茶素、咖啡酸、儿茶素、香草醛、阿魏酸、苯甲酸、根皮苷、槲皮素、肉桂酸、根皮素;在石榴汁中检测到上述12种酚类物质,未检测到表儿茶素。石榴皮中酚类物质的含量最高,其次是石榴汁和石榴籽,其中石榴皮中主要的酸性酚类物质和类黄酮类化合物分别为对羟基苯甲酸(0.828 mg/g)和表儿茶素(0.915 mg/g);石榴汁中分别是对羟基苯甲酸(0.121 mg/g)和儿茶素(0.149 mg/g);石榴籽中分别是咖啡酸(0.026 mg/g)和根皮苷(0.075 mg/g)。     

UV-C irradiation induces defence responses and improves vase-life of cut gerbera flowers

UV-C (λ = 254 nm) irradiation was effective in reducing Botrytis cinerea floret specking (i.e., lesion development) and maintaining a better postharvest quality of cut gerbera flowers. A range of UV-C doses (0.5-10.0 kJ m⁻²) was tested on ‘Ice cream’ and ‘Ecco’ gerbera flowers to activate germicidal and inducible defence mechanisms. Irradiation of B. cinerea cultures with 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 kJ m⁻² UV-C resulted in up to a 10-fold reduction of conidial germination percentages and significant (P < 0.05) delay of mycelium growth, compared to the non-irradiated control cultures. Moreover, lesion diameters on gerbera florets inoculated with UV-C irradiated B. cinerea cultures were reduced by up to 70%, suggesting that UV-C had a negative effect on the pathogenic strength of the fungi. Lesion diameters on florets of UV-C irradiated gerberas were reduced by up to 55% giving evidence that defence responses in the host tissue were induced. Concentration of total phenolics seemed to be unaffected by 0.5 kJ m⁻² UV-C treatment in both cultivars, but polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity increased and remained higher compared to the non-irradiated control flowers throughout the 48 h storage period at 20 °C. The increase of PPO suggests that this enzyme might play an important role in host defence mechanisms that suppressed B. cinerea floret specking. Gerbera flowers irradiated with 1.0 or 10.0 kJ m⁻² UV-C showed improvement in vase-life by 1.8 and 2.4 d, decrease in stem break percentages by 43 and 29% and delay in stem break incidence by 3.3 and 1.3 d, respectively.     

烟草苯丙氨酸解氨酶活力与多酚含量的关系研究

[目的]测定不同品种烟草幼苗中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活力、比活力以及多酚含量,研究PAL活力与多酚含量的关系。[方法]3个烟草品种分别为西1#、东2#和中3#。[结果]不同酶提取缓冲液对测定的PAL活力值有影响,其中10%PVP的效果最好;烟草幼苗中的多酚含量高,则其PAL活力及比活力都较高,而且PAL活力与酶提取液中β-巯基乙醇的浓度呈正向相关关系。在试验材料中,多酚含量没有达到抑制PAL活力的水平。[结论]该研究可为探索改进PAL活力测定方法,明确多酚含量与PAL酶活力间的关系提供参考依据。